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APC Conjugated Antibodies & Reagents

Allophycocyanin (APC) is a member of the light-harvesting phycobiliprotein family, which also includes phycoerythrin (PE). It is isolated from red algae, where it supports oxygenic photosynthesis by transferring absorbed light energy to chlorophyll. APC has a molecular weight of approximately 105 kDa and produces intense red fluorescence owing to its high extinction coefficient (7 x 105 cm-1 M-1) and quantum yield (0.68). APC-conjugated antibodies are commonly used for flow cytometry and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), as well as for other fluorescence-based applications that require high sensitivity.

We offer a broad range of APC-conjugated primary and secondary antibodies, as well as antibodies conjugated to APC tandem dyes (including APC-Cy5.5 and APC-Cy7). Our product portfolio also encompasses APC-conjugated isotype controls and APC-streptavidin conjugates.

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Frequently Asked Questions

APC has an excitation maximum of 652 nm and an emission maximum of 658 nm. It can be excited by laser lines spanning 594 to 633 nm and detected using an appropriate filter set (e.g., 660/20 nm).

Fluorophore-labeled antibodies are used to detect targets of interest by generating a fluorescent signal that is indicative of antibody binding. If the primary antibody is labeled with the fluorophore, direct detection is possible. However, if the primary antibody is unlabeled, a fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibody is required for indirect detection. The term "APC-conjugated antibody" simply means that the antibody has been labeled with the APC protein. APC-conjugated antibodies are widely used for detecting analytes with low abundance since the extremely bright fluorescence emitted by APC can enhance assay sensitivity. Additionally, APC-conjugated antibodies are useful for addressing cellular autofluorescence, which can sometimes mask the signals from common green channel fluorophores, such as Alexa Fluor® 488 and FITC.

When using APC-conjugated antibodies in combination with other fluorophores, it is important to select fluorophores with distinct emission spectra. For example, Alexa Fluor® 488 (emission maximum 525 nm) would be preferred to Alexa Fluor® 647 (emission maximum 665 nm) to minimize spectral overlap. Importantly, any fluorophores that are selected should be compatible with the laser and filter configurations of the detection instrument.

Tandem dyes consist of two covalently attached fluorophores, a donor and an acceptor. Following laser excitation, the donor emits light, which subsequently excites the acceptor via a process known as Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). In an APC tandem, such as APC/Cy7 or APC/Cy5.5, APC serves as the donor molecule. Although all three dyes share the same excitation maximum (652 nm), they have different emission maxima: 658 nm, 700 nm, and 774 nm for APC, APC/Cy7, and APC/Cy5.5, respectively. As a result, they can be combined in the same experiment to increase the number of targets detected per laser. The use of tandem dyes tends to be reserved for high-parameter multiplex immunoassays.

All SouthernBiotech APC-conjugated antibodies and reagents are quality tested in-house by flow cytometry and / or fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (FLISA) to ensure target specificity and lot-to-lot consistency.

APC-conjugated antibodies and reagents should be stored at 2-8°C, avoiding exposure to light, and should never be frozen. Freezing can damage the fluorophore, leading to a loss of fluorescence, and may cause APC-conjugated antibodies and reagents to precipitate out of solution.

Related Product Categories

Conjugated Antibodies

For the direct detection of your target, explore our offering of over 25 enzyme and fluorochrome conjugated primary antibodies.

Flow Cytometry Reagents

Maximize fluorescence signal intensity and minimize non-specific binding in your flow cytometry assays.

Primary Antibodies

Find a high-quality primary antibody from our fast-shipping selection, all produced to our exacting standards in our own facility.

Secondary Antibodies & Reagents

With a wide range of ready-to-ship secondary antibodies that are second to none, SouthernBiotech will keep your assays running and projects on schedule.